All About Beavers

Biology

Beavers are among the most interesting mammals, capable of navigating through land and water with a body suited to support their active lifestyles. You might know them for their large front teeth, webbed feet, and flat tail used for both swimming in water and stability on land. Additionally, they are the largest rodent in North America and the second-largest worldwide.

Beavers can live between 10 and 24 years, weighing roughly 50 pounds when fully matured. They usually reproduce when they are about one and a half years old, giving birth to young that are referred to as kits. When in a group, they are called a colony of beavers.

Habitat

There are two species of beavers spread across North America, Europe, and Asia. More specifically, you can find them in countries such as Argentina, Russia, and Finland. These semi-aquatic mammals live in areas such as ponds, marshes, and rivers that still offer access to trees and other plants. They often burrow in the banks of rivers and lakes and build beaver lodges using branches and mud. Plants they like include poplar and deciduous trees as well as shrubs, roots, and crops. Fun fact: a single beaver can cut down up to 200 trees in one year. In the behavior category we’re going to touch on why beavers cut down so many trees, so read on!

beaver

Diet

Being herbivores, beavers feed on leaves, bark, twigs, roots, and aquatic plants. They will sometimes even cut down an entire tree just so that they can have the branches or leaves, which is what they are truly interested in. They are also nocturnal, so you can spot them being active more during the night time.

Behavior

If you think their physical characteristics are interesting, your intrigue might be prompted even more when you understand their lifestyle and behaviors. Beavers have several forms of communication including making sounds, producing scents, using body language, and slapping their tail on water surfaces. This effect is twofold, it can warn other beavers when there is danger and it can also deter predators as they are building their lodges and dams. Lodges are a combination of branches and mud, forming what might look like a wall. The effect of stopping the water flow is what we call beaver dams. Beavers also have membranes over their eyes, acting like second eyelids that enable them to see underwater and protect their eyes from debris and other harm.

Beaver dams are meant to increase the depth of water, thereby reducing the likelihood of water freezing over during winter climates. The record of the world’s largest beaver dam goes to a colony that built a 850 meter deep pond in Northern Alberta. This is where the beaver tail really comes in handy. Its tail has a large surface area that provides stability when on land, possibly if it is carrying a stack of branches for its next project.

Next to the spider, beavers are one of the most impressive architects in the animal kingdom. What is interesting about them is their ability to manipulate the environment they live in to create ideal living conditions. Not only will they destroy trees, but they carry large amounts of branches and twigs, combining them with mud to form a strong wall. 

These lodges are solid enough to last for 10 or more years. That can be as long as the life of the beaver itself. These lodges are also a safe space for them because they can hinder predators from accessing them as easily.

Back to the initial inquiry about why beavers cut down so many trees; these semi-aquatic mammals’ front teeth grow continuously. Apart from building dams, gnawing on trees is essential for them to maintain their teeth.

Beavers are not only architects, but they are also family-oriented. It is believed by some scientists that male beavers build dams to impress a female beaver they’re interested in. Once they match, they are often monogamous. They will usually live with their entire family in the same dam until the kits grow old enough to move out and begin reproducing.

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