What type of damage do moles cause?

Moles are small mammals that are known for their extensive digging habits. These animals spend the majority of their lives underground living in massive tunnel networks that they dig themselves. They are well adapted to underground life and digging.

Moles have specialized front paws that are polydactyl. That means each paw has an extra thumb which gives moles improved digging ability. Their front paws are much stronger than their hind paws because these are the mole’s primary digging tools.

Moles also have a very unique adaptation which allows them to absorb more oxygen from the air, and even reuse exhaled air while underground. This means they’re able to survive underground for very long periods without ever coming to the surface. In residential gardens and agricultural fields, moles are common pests that can do significant damage to plant life. Moles will dig extensive tunnel networks that can extend as deep as 15 feet underground.

Mole tunnels are complex networks of passages that include specific passages for sleeping, food storage, and nesting. Moles will also dig temporary tunnels closer to the surface to get around. These can sometimes even be seen from the surface as moles push up dirt.

When moles dig tunnels, they can cause lots of damage to plant life. These tunnels sometimes disrupt plant root systems because, while moles typically will not eat roots, by digging they remove essential nutrients. Mole tunnels also make it easier for other pests like voles to access and destroy root systems.

Moles will rarely eat plants and roots. They much prefer to eat earthworms and other insects. Moles eat large numbers of worms every day, and by removing these creatures from a garden ecosystem they can also cause indirect damage to plant life. Worms are a critical piece of the underground ecosystem. They provide soil aeration and help keep soil healthy. When moles dig tunnels near the surface, they can disrupt the surface of your lawn or garden.

These are known as mole runs and are a clear sign that you have moles on your property. Mole runs appear as raised areas of soil in places where the animal has dug out a shallow tunnel. These can often collapse in on themselves, causing even more damage to your property and creating dangerous holes.

When moles dig, they also create molehills. Molehills are piles of soil excavated by the animals as they clear out tunnels underground. They will periodically turn around and push excavated dirt out of their tunnel entrances. If the tunnel network is quite large, this eventually creates a large pile at the entrance to the tunnel.

Molehills are usually small, no larger than 2 feet in width, and less than a foot high, but they can still do serious damage. One species, the European mole, is known to create the largest molehills on Earth. Some estimates say that this animal can create molehills containing more than 1,500 pounds of dirt in a single pile. Molehills can easily kill lawns and suffocate budding flowers and crops. They also are often filled with discarded rocks that can damage landscaping and farming equipment.

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