Mating Habits of Opossums

Opossums are one of the animal kingdom’s most adaptable and survivable species, having successfully existed for more than 60 million years. Despite their lack of offensive abilities, opossums have numerous methods of evading or escaping from any predators they face.

For example, their hairless tails are prehensile, meaning they can be used as an extra arm or leg to grab onto objects. This gives opossums an excellent ability to climb walls or trees to avoid ground-based predators. Meanwhile, they have a strong sense of smell and hearing due to their preference to be active at night. Not only does this help evade threats, but their sense of smell in particular makes searching for food much easier.

But like any other mammal, opossums have strict breeding habits that have allowed them to thrive for so long. Mating seasons for the common, or Virginia opossum, generally vary from location but can occur more or less throughout the year. Typical mating seasons begin in the winter months, which can be anywhere between December and February.

Opossums Mating

Adult male opossums, called jacks, seek out females, called jills, in heat through smell, and then attempt to attract them through a series of sounds from their mouths. Once mating concludes, the males leave and do not return. Female opossums can give birth to as many as three litters in a year, although it is more likely to be one or two. 

Gestation takes roughly 11 to 13 days to complete, and each litter can contain up to 20 infants, called joeys, which are generally born between February and June.

Joey opossums are small, about the size of a common honeybee, which is why they have quite ahigh mortality rate compared to other animals. But opossums are unique as being the only mammal in the United States or Canada that raise their young in a pouch, just like a kangaroo or koala would. Joeys will immediately go for the mother’s pouch once born, with only around 13 at most surviving the difficult journey.

After around two and a half months, the joeys will have become too large for the pouch. The rest of their growth takes place on their mother’s back, with development from birth taking around 100 days until they become independent.

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